Pedro de Melo de Portugal y Vilhena (Valladolid, 1734 – Buenos Aires, 15 April 1797) was a Spanish soldier and politician, who sered as viceroy in the Rio de la Plata
Pedro de Melo served in many military roles in Spain before moving to America in 1770. He was designated as gobernor when the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was created. He was member of the Real Audiencia and worked for the creation in 1794 of a Royal Counsel with viceroy Nicolás Antonio de Arredondo.
He was designated viceroy after the dimission of Arredondo, on 16 March 1795. He kept the main policies of previous viceroys: improve the streets of Buenos Aires, or fortified defenses for Montevideo, but he had to face Portuguese incursions on the Banda Oriental. He created laws to deal with the shortage of bread, improved the viceroyal residence, and received ships from the pacific ocean.
Pedro de Melo was interested in expanding the colonization towards the coastline of Patagonia, ordering Félix de Azara to design plans for that purpose. However, Pedro de Melo died before being able to futfill them.
Pedro de Melo died on 15 April 1797, still being viceoy. The Real Audiencia took power for a brief period, to prevent a power vacuum in the meantime that the news arrived to Spain and a new vieroy was designated. Antonio de Olaguer y Feliú arrived shortly after.
| Preceded by Nicolás Antonio de Arredondo |
Viceroy of the Río de la Plata 1795–1797 |
Succeeded by Antonio de Olaguer y Feliú |